Cam khwb cia hlau yog ib qho nyuaj tshaj li cov hlau ntshiab vim yog ob peb yam tseem ceeb uas cuam tshuam rau nws cov muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab microstructure. Nov yog cov lus piav qhia ntxaws:
Cov ntsiab lus carbon:
Cov hlau ntshiab muaj qhov hardness tsawg thiab yog qhov muag muag. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum cov pa roj carbon ntxiv rau cov hlau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov hlau cam khwb cia, qhov hardness ntawm alloy nce. Cov ntsiab lus carbon hauv cam khwb cia hlau feem ntau yog li ntawm 2% mus rau 4.5%, uas cuam tshuam rau nws cov khoom siv kho tshuab.
Microstructure:
Lub microstructure ntawm cam khwb cia hlau yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm muaj graphite (ib daim ntawv ntawm carbon) nyob rau hauv cov hlau matrix. Raws li kev ua haujlwm thiab cov ntsiab lus alloying, cov graphite tuaj yeem muaj nyob rau hauv ntau hom xws li flake, nodular, lossis vermicular.
Lub xub ntiag ntawm graphite nyob rau hauv cam khwb cia hlau cuam tshuam nws hardness thiab hnav tsis kam. Tshwj xeeb, nodular cam khwb cia hlau (tseem hu ua spheroidal graphite cam khwb cia hlau) muaj qhov microstructure qhov twg cov graphite muaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv kheej kheej, uas ua rau kev txhim kho cov khoom siv xws li siab zog tensile thiab hardness piv rau lwm hom cam khwb cia hlau.
Alloying Elements:
Cam khwb cia hlau feem ntau muaj lwm yam alloying ntsiab xws li silicon, manganese, sulfur, thiab phosphorus. Cov ntsiab lus no tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau microstructure thiab cov khoom ntawm cam khwb cia hlau.
Piv txwv li, silicon yog ib qho kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov hlau cam khwb cia uas tuaj yeem ua rau nws cov hardness thiab corrosion kuj. Manganese kuj tseem tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov tawv thiab hnav tsis kam ntawm cov hlau cam los ntawm kev sib xyaw nyuaj nrog sulfur thiab phosphorus.
Cov Txheej Txheem Ua Haujlwm:
Cov kev ua haujlwm thaum lub sij hawm tsim cov hlau cam khwb cia kuj tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nws hardness. Piv txwv li, tus nqi cua txias thaum lub sij hawm solidification tuaj yeem cuam tshuam lub microstructure thiab yog li lub hardness ntawm cov cam khwb cia hlau.
Kev ua kom txias nrawm tuaj yeem ua rau tsim cov microstructure zoo dua nrog cov graphite me me, uas tuaj yeem ua rau cov tawv tawv ntawm cov cam khwb cia.
Hauv cov ntsiab lus, cam khwb cia hlau yog ib qho nyuaj dua li cov hlau ntshiab vim nws cov ntsiab lus carbon ntau dua, muaj cov graphite hauv nws cov microstructure, qhov sib ntxiv ntawm cov ntsiab lus alloying, thiab kev ua haujlwm thaum lub sij hawm tsim khoom. Cov yam ntxwv no ua haujlwm ua ke los muab cov hlau nrum nws qhov sib xyaw ua ke ntawm hardness, hnav tsis kam, thiab lwm yam khoom siv kho tshuab.