Los ntawm Cov Hlau Ntshiab rau Cov Hlau Tshwj Xeeb: nthuav tawm qhov hloov pauv
Hauv thaj av ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb, kev taug kev los ntawm cov hlau ntshiab mus rau cov hlau tshwj xeeb sawv cev rau kev nce qib hauv engineering thiab kev tsim kho tshiab. Cov hlau ntshiab, nyob rau hauv nws daim ntawv tseem ceeb, muaj cov khoom tshwj xeeb uas ua rau nws muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev tsim cov khoom siv dav dav, suav nrog cov hlau tshwj xeeb.
Cov hlau ntshiab yog cov khoom tsim los ntawm cov hlau atoms, tsis muaj cov ntsiab lus alloying lossis impurities. Nws nthuav tawm siab sib nqus permeability, zoo ductility, thiab nruab nrab txhua yam muaj zog. Txawm li cas los xij, nws cov ntawv thov muaj qee qhov txwv vim nws qhov cuam tshuam rau corrosion thiab nws kuj tsis tshua muaj hardness thiab tensile lub zog thaum piv rau alloyed steels.
Tshwj xeeb steel, ntawm qhov tod tes, yog ib hom hlau uas tau tshwj xeeb alloyed nrog lwm cov ntsiab lus los txhim kho nws lub cev thiab lub zog. Cov hlau no tuaj yeem suav nrog carbon, chromium, npib tsib xee, molybdenum, thiab ntau lwm tus, txhua tus pab txhawb rau qhov kawg ntawm cov khoom thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov hlau. Cov hlau tshwj xeeb yog tsim los ua kom tau raws li cov kev xav tau tshwj xeeb, xws li kub tsis kam, tiv thaiv corrosion, txhim kho hardness, lossis txhim kho machinability.
Kev hloov pauv los ntawm cov hlau ntshiab mus rau cov hlau tshwj xeeb pib nrog kev ua tib zoo xaiv thiab ntxiv cov ntsiab lus alloying. Cov txheej txheem no, hu ua alloying, tso cai rau cov kws tsim khoom tsim kho cov khoom ntawm cov hlau kom tau raws li cov kev xav tau tshwj xeeb. Piv txwv li, ntxiv cov pa roj carbon monoxide tuaj yeem ua rau kom muaj zog thiab tensile lub zog ntawm cov hlau, ua rau nws tsim nyog siv rau hauv cov cuab yeej thiab txiav cov npoo. Chromium, ntawm qhov tod tes, txhim kho corrosion kuj, ua rau cov hlau zoo tagnrho rau kev siv hauv qhov chaw hnyav.
Ntxiv nrog rau kev sib tsoo, cov hlau tshwj xeeb feem ntau dhau los ua ntau yam kev kho cua sov xws li quenching thiab tempering. Cov txheej txheem no suav nrog cua sov cov hlau mus rau qhov ntsuas kub tseem ceeb thiab tom qab ntawd maj mam txias kom kaw rau hauv cov khoom xav tau. Quenching hardens cov hlau los ntawm kev tsim martensite, ib qho nyuaj crystalline qauv, thaum tempering txo brittleness thiab txhim kho toughness.
Qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov txheej txheem zoo tib yam no yog cov khoom siv sib xyaw ua ke ntawm ntau yam ntawm cov hlau ntshiab nrog cov yam ntxwv ua tau zoo ntawm cov hlau alloyed. Cov hlau tshwj xeeb muaj nyob rau hauv ntau qhov kev siv, xws li los ntawm cov khoom siv tsheb ua haujlwm siab thiab cov qauv hauv aerospace mus rau cov cuab yeej precision thiab kev cog lus kho mob.